Energy

Energy technologies cover how energy is produced, converted, stored and used. Progress in areas such as solid-state batteries matters as transport and power systems shift toward electrification and variable renewable sources.

36 technology landscapes4 categoriesUpdated 26 October 2026

Categories in energy

Clean energy & power

Clean energy and power technologies generate electricity with low operational emissions and support a changing energy system. They include emerging solar, wind, geothermal, and nuclear approaches that can broaden supply and complement variable renewables.

AgrivoltaicsAirborne wind energyBifacial solar panelsEnhanced geothermal systems+8 more
12 technologies →

Energy storage

Energy storage holds energy for use when production and demand do not coincide. Battery developments, including solid-state designs, can support renewable integration, grid flexibility and electrified transport.

Aqueous batteriesBattery recycling and black mass recoveryCompressed air energy storageFlow batteries and long-duration energy storage+9 more
13 technologies →

Hydrogen

Hydrogen technologies cover production, conversion, storage, transport, and use in fuel cells. Low-emission hydrogen could serve industrial processes and applications that are difficult to electrify, depending on production and infrastructure.

Anion exchange membrane electrolyzersGreen hydrogen generationHydrogen fuel cells (PEM and SOFC)Hydrogen transport and liquid organic hydrogen carriers+1 more
5 technologies →

Smart grid & power systems

This category covers systems that coordinate local energy resources and distributed power generation, including microgrids and virtual power plants. They help grids balance variable supply and demand while integrating renewables and storage.

High-voltage direct current (HVDC)Microgrid control systemsSmart grid energy managementSolid-state transformers+2 more
6 technologies →

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